中文说明：
在过去的十年里，对网络的需求不断增加，这导致了对大幅降低成本和增加网络可访问性的需求。它需要网络中的高效流量管理以及根据需要扩展的能力。各种网络设计问题的解决方案都是基于枚举和启发式的方法，在文献中已经定义。
English Description：
In the past decade, the demand for networks has been increasing, leading to a demand for significant cost reduction and increased network accessibility. It requires efficient traffic management in the network and the ability to scale as needed. The solutions to various network design problems are based on enumeration and heuristic methods, which have been defined in the literature