中文说明：QoS组播路由是网络路由优化和计算智能领域研究的热点，这里的QoS约束包含常见的时延、时延抖动、带宽、丢包率，优化目标是组播树的费用最小化，该问题已被证明是NP完全问题，常规算法通常难以达到理想效果。蚁群算法凭借其独特的启发式规则和分布式特性，在QoS组播路由问题上取得成功应用。
English Description：
QoS multicast routing is a research hotspot in the field of network routing optimization and computational intelligence. The QoS constraints here include common delay, delay jitter, bandwidth and packet loss rate. The optimization objective is to minimize the cost of multicast tree. This problem has been proved to be NP complete, and conventional algorithms are usually difficult to achieve ideal results. With its unique heuristic rules and distributed characteristics, ant colony algorithm has been successfully applied in QoS multicast routing.