中文说明：应用背景 实现飞机的短距甚至垂直起飞和着陆具有很大的意义： （1）对于战斗机，较短的起降距离可以降低对机场的要求甚至减小对机场依赖，可以在破损的机场、简陋的野战机场起降，必要时甚至可以在公路、屋顶、空地起降，便于出击、疏散隐蔽和转移，提高了战场生存能力、机动作战能力和快速反应能力，以及支援地面部队作战能力。垂直起降飞机的非常规机动特性有助于提高飞机的空战和对地攻击能力。 此外，具有垂直起降（VTOL）或短距起飞垂直着陆（STOVL）能力的战斗机更适合部署在航空母舰上，即使在没有弹射器的航母或直通式甲板登陆舰上也可完成起降，比如：美国的F-35B已经实现在登陆舰上进行短距起飞垂直着陆，近期，驻冲绳的美军V-22也成功地在日本的直升机航母上完成起降。 （2）运输机推重比一般远低于1，从理论上就无法实现垂直起降，所以对于提高运输机的起降能力，目前只限制在实现短距起降（STOL）上。 对机场适应性强的中小型的战术运输机，引入STOL可进一步增强其灵活性。而以大规模战略部署、快速机动支援和全面后勤保障为主要任务使命现代大型战略运输机要求将战略、战术运输集于一体，即具有载重量大、航程远、速度快的战略运输能力，又有机场适应性强，能在复杂环境条件
English Description：
Application backgroundThe aircraft even short vertical takeoff and is of great significance to landing:(1) for fighter aircraft, the shorter landing distance can reduce the demand for the airport and even reduce the dependence on the airport, can be in the damaged airport, the airport, the airport, even when the road, roof, open space to take off and landing, easy to attack, evacuation and transfer, improve the ability to survive, mobile warfare capabilities and rapid response, as well as support ground forces combat. Non conventional maneuvering characteristics of vertical landing aircraft are helpful to improve the air combat and the ability of the ground attack.In addition, a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) or short take-off vertical landing (STOVL) fighters were better suited to deployed on aircraft carriers, even in no catapult aircraft carrier or straight deck landing ships and landing, for example: the F-35B has been implemented on board the landing ship